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Free Logical Reasoning questions with answers for MBA CET

Seating arrangements, puzzles, syllogisms, blood relations, direction sense, coding-decoding and critical reasoning - the question types that appear in MAH-CET, CAT, MAT and ATMA. These 142 questions are also useful for CAT, MAT and ATMA. Tap “Show answer” under any question for the correct option and the explanation.

  1. Question 121

    Statements: All architects are planners. Some planners are artists. No artist is a banker. Conclusions: I. Some architects are artists. II. No architect is a banker. III. Some planners are not bankers. Which of the following is correct?
    • (A)Only I follows
    • (B)Only II follows
    • (C)Only III follows
    • (D)Only I and III follow
    • (E)Only II and III follow
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) Only III follows

    'Some planners are artists' guarantees a real overlap between planners and artists; since 'no artist is a banker', that overlapping group of planners cannot be bankers - so 'some planners are not bankers' (III) must be true. However, nothing confirms that this artist-planner overlap includes any architects specifically, so neither 'some architects are artists' (I) nor 'no architect is a banker' (II) can be guaranteed. Only III follows.

  2. Question 122

    A word-and-number arrangement machine rearranges an input in a particular pattern. Input: 54 peach 21 lime 67 apple 32 grape Step I: apple 21 54 peach lime 67 32 grape Step II: apple 21 grape 32 54 peach lime 67 Step III: apple 21 grape 32 lime 54 peach 67 If the input is "49 zebra 16 mango 72 berry 31 kiwi", what will Step II be?
    • (A)berry 16 kiwi 31 49 zebra mango 72
    • (B)berry 16 mango 31 49 zebra kiwi 72
    • (C)berry 16 kiwi 31 mango 49 zebra 72
    • (D)berry 31 kiwi 16 49 zebra mango 72
    • (E)kiwi 16 berry 31 49 zebra mango 72
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (A) berry 16 kiwi 31 49 zebra mango 72

    The machine repeatedly moves the alphabetically-next word and the numerically-next number to the front (in that order), leaving the rest of the sequence in its original relative order. For '49 zebra 16 mango 72 berry 31 kiwi': Step I picks the smallest word (berry) and smallest number (16): berry 16 49 zebra mango 72 31 kiwi. Step II then picks the next-smallest word (kiwi) and next-smallest number (31) from the remaining unsorted part: berry 16 kiwi 31 49 zebra mango 72.

  3. Question 123

    In a class of 120 students, 65 like Finance, 55 like Marketing and 45 like Analytics. 25 like both Finance and Marketing, 20 like both Marketing and Analytics, 18 like both Analytics and Finance, and 8 like all three. How many students like exactly one of the three subjects?
    • (A)55
    • (B)59
    • (C)63
    • (D)67
    • (E)71
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) 63

    Using inclusion-exclusion for exactly-one-subject counts: Only Finance = 65 - 25 - 18 + 8 = 30; Only Marketing = 55 - 25 - 20 + 8 = 18; Only Analytics = 45 - 18 - 20 + 8 = 15. Total who like exactly one subject = 30 + 18 + 15 = 63.

  4. Question 124

    Statement: The city should introduce congestion pricing in the central business district to reduce traffic. Assumptions: I. A higher cost of driving will discourage at least some private-car trips. II. Every commuter can shift to public transport. Which of the following is correct?
    • (A)Only I is implicit
    • (B)Only II is implicit
    • (C)Both I and II are implicit
    • (D)Neither I nor II is implicit
    • (E)Either I or II is implicit
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (A) Only I is implicit

    The argument assumes that raising the cost of driving will actually change some people's behaviour (I) - without this, congestion pricing would have no effect. It does not require that every commuter can switch to public transport (II); the policy can still reduce traffic even if only some drivers respond to the price signal.

  5. Question 125

    A software firm claims that a four-day workweek, without reducing weekly pay, can improve productivity without lowering output. Which of the following most strongly supports the claim?
    • (A)Employees in a pilot maintained the same weekly output, completed tasks in fewer hours and made fewer errors.
    • (B)Several employees said they preferred a three-day weekend.
    • (C)The firm's competitors continue to follow a five-day workweek.
    • (D)Some managers believe longer working hours show greater commitment.
    • (E)The pilot teams worked on projects with different clients.
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (A) Employees in a pilot maintained the same weekly output, completed tasks in fewer hours and made fewer errors.

    Direct evidence that output stayed the same while hours fell and errors dropped (option A) most strongly supports the specific claim that productivity improved without reducing output. The other options are either irrelevant to productivity or actually cut against the claim.

  6. Question 126

    Statement I: Heavy rainfall continued for three days in the upper catchment area. Statement II: The river downstream crossed the danger mark and several low-lying areas were flooded. Which of the following best describes the relationship?
    • (A)Statement I is the cause and Statement II is its effect.
    • (B)Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect.
    • (C)Both statements are independent causes.
    • (D)Both statements are effects of independent causes.
    • (E)Both statements are effects of a common cause.
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (A) Statement I is the cause and Statement II is its effect.

    Three days of heavy rainfall upstream is a plausible direct cause of a downstream river crossing its danger mark and flooding - a standard cause-and-effect relationship.

  7. Question 127

    If P ≥ Q > R = S < T ≤ U, which of the following is definitely true?
    • (A)P > R and U > S
    • (B)P > T and Q > U
    • (C)R > U and P = Q
    • (D)S > Q and T > P
    • (E)U < R and Q = S
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (A) P > R and U > S

    From P ≥ Q > R, P > R always holds (even if P = Q, Q > R still makes P > R). From S < T ≤ U, S < U always holds. So 'P > R and U > S' is guaranteed by the chain.

  8. Question 128

    What is Riya's rank from the top in her class? I. There are 18 students below Riya. II. There are 32 students in the class.
    • (A)Statement I alone is sufficient
    • (B)Statement II alone is sufficient
    • (C)Both statements together are sufficient
    • (D)Either statement alone is sufficient
    • (E)Even both statements together are insufficient
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) Both statements together are sufficient

    With 32 students in the class (II) and 18 students below Riya (I), the number of students above her = 32 - 18 - 1 = 13, so her rank from the top = 14. Neither fact alone gives a rank without the other, but together they fix it exactly.

  9. Question 129

    Seven students K, L, M, N, P, Q and R scored different marks. K scored more than only two students. M scored less than N but more than P. Q scored more than N. R scored less than K. L scored more than Q. Who scored the third-highest marks?
    • (A)K
    • (B)M
    • (C)N
    • (D)Q
    • (E)R
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) N

    The clues give a chain L > Q > N > M > P. Since K scored more than exactly two students, K must rank 5th overall (4 students above, 2 below). The four highest scorers must therefore be the top four of the chain (L, Q, N, M), with P and R falling below K. This gives the order L > Q > N > M > K > (P, R). The third-highest scorer is N.

  10. Question 130

    In the number 864275319, the prime digits are first arranged in descending order, followed by the non-prime odd digits in ascending order, and finally the even non-prime digits in ascending order. How many digits remain in the same position as before?
    • (A)None
    • (B)One
    • (C)Two
    • (D)Three
    • (E)Four
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (B) One

    Prime digits in 864275319 are 2, 7, 5, 3 - arranged descending: 7,5,3,2. Non-prime odd digits are 1, 9 - arranged ascending: 1,9. Even non-prime digits are 8, 6, 4 - arranged ascending: 4,6,8. The new number is 753219468. Comparing digit-by-digit with the original (864275319), only the 4th digit ('2') stays in the same position.

  11. Question 131

    An institute uses the following rules to process an application: 1. Graduation score must be at least 60%. 2. MBA CET percentile must be at least 90. 3. The applicant must have at least 12 months of full-time work experience. 4. Age must not exceed 28 years on 1 July 2027. If all conditions except (3) are met and graduation score is at least 75%, the case is referred to the Dean. If all conditions except (2) are met, CET percentile is between 85 and 89.99, and graduation score is at least 80%, the case is referred to the Director. Tanya is 26 years old, has 78% in graduation, 93 percentile in MBA CET and 8 months of full-time work experience. What should be the decision?
    • (A)Admit
    • (B)Reject
    • (C)Refer to the Dean
    • (D)Refer to the Director
    • (E)Data inadequate
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) Refer to the Dean

    Tanya meets the age (26 <= 28), graduation-score (78% >= 60%) and CET-percentile (93 >= 90) conditions, but falls short on work experience (8 months < 12 months) - i.e., she meets every condition except (3). Since her graduation score (78%) is at least 75%, her case is referred to the Dean.

  12. Question 132

    If all vowels are removed from the word MANAGEMENT and the remaining letters are written in reverse order, which letter will be fourth from the left?
    • (A)M
    • (B)N
    • (C)G
    • (D)T
    • (E)A
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) G

    Removing the vowels from MANAGEMENT (M-A-N-A-G-E-M-E-N-T) leaves the consonants M, N, G, M, N, T. Reversing this gives T, N, M, G, N, M. The fourth letter from the left is G.

  13. Question 133

    In each question, assume the given statements are true, even if they differ from commonly known facts. Determine which conclusions logically follow. Statements: 1. Only a few designers are photographers. 2. All photographers are freelancers. 3. No freelancer is a bureaucrat. Conclusions: I. Some designers are not bureaucrats. II. Some designers are not photographers. III. All designers being freelancers is a possibility.
    • (A)Only I follows.
    • (B)Only I and II follow.
    • (C)Only II and III follow.
    • (D)Only I and III follow.
    • (E)All I, II and III follow.
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (E) All I, II and III follow.

    'Only a few designers are photographers' means some designers are photographers, and some designers are not photographers. I follows: the designers who are photographers are freelancers (statement 2), and no freelancer is a bureaucrat (statement 3). So those designers are not bureaucrats. II follows directly from 'only a few designers are photographers'. III follows: nothing says a designer who is not a photographer cannot be a freelancer, so all designers could be freelancers without contradicting any statement. All three follow.

  14. Question 134

    In each question, assume the given statements are true, even if they differ from commonly known facts. Determine which conclusions logically follow. Statements: 1. All reporters are writers. 2. Some writers are editors. 3. No editor is a judge. Conclusions: I. Some writers are not judges. II. All reporters being editors is a possibility. III. Some reporters are not judges.
    • (A)Only I follows.
    • (B)Only II follows.
    • (C)Only I and II follow.
    • (D)Only II and III follow.
    • (E)All I, II and III follow.
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) Only I and II follow.

    I follows: some writers are editors, and no editor is a judge, so those writers are not judges. II follows as a possibility: reporters are a part of writers, and some writers are editors. The reporters could well be among those editors, and no statement rules this out. III does not follow: a reporter is a writer, but nothing links reporters to non-judges. The reporters could all be writers who are not editors and who are judges. So it is not certain that any reporter is not a judge. Only I and II follow.

  15. Question 135

    Study the following relationships carefully: P ≥ Q > R = S ≤ T < U = V And Q ≤ W Conclusions: I. P > S II. T > R III. W > R
    • (A)Only I follows.
    • (B)Only II and III follow.
    • (C)Only I and III follow.
    • (D)Only I and II follow.
    • (E)All three follow.
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) Only I and III follow.

    I. P ≥ Q > R = S gives P > S. True. II. R = S ≤ T gives T ≥ R, which means T could be equal to R. So T > R is not certain. False. III. W ≥ Q (from Q ≤ W) and Q > R give W > R. True. Only I and III follow.

  16. Question 136

    In a coded relationship system: - P @ Q means P is the mother of Q. - P # Q means P is the brother of Q. - P $ Q means P is the husband of Q. - P % Q means P is the daughter of Q. Which expression establishes that M is the maternal uncle of N?
    • (A)M # P @ N
    • (B)M @ P # N
    • (C)M # P % N
    • (D)M $ P @ N
    • (E)M % P # N
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (A) M # P @ N

    A maternal uncle is the brother of the child's mother. So M must be the brother of N's mother. M # P @ N means M is the brother of P, and P is the mother of N. So M is the brother of N's mother, which is the maternal uncle. This is option (A). (B) M is the mother of P, and P is the brother of N, so M is N's mother. (C) M is the brother of P, and P is the daughter of N, so M is N's son. (D) M is the husband of P, and P is the mother of N, so M is N's father. (E) M is the daughter of P, and P is the brother of N, so M is N's niece.

  17. Question 137

    A traveller starts from point O and walks 12 metres towards East. He then turns 135° anticlockwise and walks 10√2 metres. Finally, he turns 90° clockwise and walks another 6√2 metres. What is his shortest distance and direction from the starting point O?
    • (A)10√3 metres, North-East
    • (B)8√5 metres, North-East
    • (C)8√5 metres, North-West
    • (D)16 metres, North-East
    • (E)4√5 metres, North-East
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (B) 8√5 metres, North-East

    Take East as the positive x-direction and North as the positive y-direction. Leg 1: 12 m East, so the traveller is at (12, 0). Leg 2: turning 135° anticlockwise from East points North-West. Walking 10√2 m gives a displacement of (–10, +10), so the traveller is at (2, 10). Leg 3: turning 90° clockwise from North-West points North-East. Walking 6√2 m gives a displacement of (+6, +6), so the traveller is at (8, 16). Distance from O = √(8² + 16²) = √320 = 8√5 m. The final point is 8 m East and 16 m North of O, so the direction is North-East.

  18. Question 138

    A municipal corporation proposes replacing a fixed parking fee in the central business district with a variable fee that is substantially higher between 9 AM and 11 AM. Officials argue that this change will reduce peak-hour road congestion by encouraging commuters to travel outside the busiest period. Which of the following is an assumption necessary for the argument?
    • (A)Businesses in the district will reduce their operating hours after the change.
    • (B)Most commuters currently prefer driving to using public transport.
    • (C)At least some motorists can adjust their arrival times and will respond to the change in parking charges.
    • (D)All peak-hour congestion in the district is caused by office commuters.
    • (E)The new system will generate more parking revenue than the existing fixed-fee system.
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) At least some motorists can adjust their arrival times and will respond to the change in parking charges.

    The officials' reasoning is: a higher fee at peak hours leads commuters to travel at other times, which reduces peak-hour congestion. For this to work, at least some motorists must be able to change their arrival times and must actually respond to the higher fee. (C) states this. If it were false, the fee would not shift anyone's travel time and the argument would collapse. (A) is not needed - the plan does not depend on businesses changing their hours. (B) is irrelevant to whether the fee shifts timing. (D) is too strong: the plan only needs some congestion to come from people who can shift. (E) is about revenue, which is not the argument's goal.

  19. Question 139

    Five employees P, Q, R, S and T received distinct performance scores. Question: Who received the highest score? Statement I: P scored higher than Q and R, but lower than S. Statement II: T scored lower than Q, and S scored higher than R.
    • (A)Statement I alone is sufficient, but Statement II alone is not.
    • (B)Statement II alone is sufficient, but Statement I alone is not.
    • (C)Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone is sufficient.
    • (D)Each statement alone is sufficient.
    • (E)Even both statements together are insufficient.
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (C) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone is sufficient.

    Statement I: S > P > Q and S > P > R. S is the highest among P, Q, R and S, but T is not mentioned, so T could be higher. Not sufficient. Statement II: T < Q and S > R. This does not compare P with anyone, so P, Q or S could each be the highest. Not sufficient. Together: S > P > Q > T (from I and II), and S > P > R. So S is higher than P, Q, R and also T (as T < Q < P < S). S has the highest score. Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone is.

  20. Question 140

    An online education company found that its course completion rate increased from 42% to 65% after recorded lectures were replaced with live online classes. The academic director concluded that introducing live classes was responsible for the improvement in course completion rates. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens this conclusion?
    • (A)Conducting live classes required a higher operational expenditure than recorded lectures.
    • (B)Students who attended the live classes rated them as more engaging than recorded lectures.
    • (C)Total registrations declined by 10% during the period.
    • (D)At the same time, the company introduced a mandatory certification policy requiring students to complete at least 90% of course modules to retain eligibility for a professional credential.
    • (E)The company continued using the same curriculum and faculty members.
    Show answer and explanation

    Correct answer: (D) At the same time, the company introduced a mandatory certification policy requiring students to complete at least 90% of course modules to retain eligibility for a professional credential.

    The director assumes live classes caused the rise in completion. To weaken this, we need another change at the same time that could explain the rise. (D) does so: a new rule that students must complete 90% of the modules to keep their credential gives students a strong reason to finish, whatever the teaching format. The higher completion rate can then be explained by the policy and not by live classes. (A) is about cost, which is not relevant. (B) supports the director. (E) makes the comparison fairer, so it strengthens the conclusion. (C) a 10% fall in registrations may slightly change the mix of students, but it does not give a clear alternative cause for a rise from 42% to 65%.

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